Students will develop their musicianship as they learn to recognize and comprehend harmonic and formal expectation in tonal music, particularly Western classical music of the 17th and 18th centuries. How do composers and improvisers use (and subvert) expectations to create and sustain listeners’ interest? Specific topics and tools addressed include formal analysis, figured bass, the rules of voice–leading, and composition in four–part chorale style. We will examine music aurally, through written exercises, and at the keyboard.